Music and Movies | Computational Musicology 2021
Esther L. Bakels 
On the left the we see the chordogram and keygram of the track Also sprach Zarathustra (sonnenaufgang) - Richard Strauss is shown.
Also sprach Zarathustra is a 9 piece symphony composed by Richard Strauss.The first part was used in the movie 2001: A space Odyssey. In this symphony, the C-chord stands for nature and the B-chord for humanity. If we look at the chordogram, you don’t really see those chords. The Chordogram shows an outro in D major. The keygram shows that the outro is in D minor key.
I was interested in the chromagram, so that is shown too. Here you can see C present. A lot of nature vibes in the sunrise according to the chromagram.
On the left the we see the chordogram and keygram of the track Hedwig’s Theme - John Williams is shown.
This track is for me the most nostalgic and iconic theme song there is. This theme is the leitmotif that occurs in all of the eight Harry Potter films and the spin-off Fantastic Beasts, although not usually in its unaltered state.
The keygram shows that this track starts in D flat major and changes to D major after two minutes. The chordogram also shows an intro in D flat major, but after two minutes the chords C minor, F major and D7 show up.
On the left the we see the chordogram and keygram of the track The Good, The Bad and The Ugly - Ennio Morricone is shown.
This song is the main theme from one of the most popular western movies. The main theme contains two types of flutes and human voices, that together should resemble the howling of a coyote.
The chords most apparent in the chordogram are E flat 7 and F7. After one minute D major in the chordogram, and also in the keygram.
Almost every movie has music in it. These soundtracks often play in the background of a movie, so you would expect the music is calmer than music you’d listen to. On the other hand, maybe there are some features in the music that are not so different from your own music. I made three playlists:
My goal is to examine different features, compare them to one another and search for a feature that isn’t that different from my music. When I find that feature, I hope to find the themesong that corresponds the most to my favorite songs.
The median of the different categories is somewhat the same. The 50% around the median is differs more in category C, my songs. Category B has the lowest median, but an outlier with the highest tempo of all categories. The outlier is The Portrait - James Horner.
The median of the different catogories is somewhat the same for theme songs and more soundtracks, but way higher for my songs. The median of category A is higher than B, this is maybe because theme songs are the main song of the movie. Category B also includes songs that are used as more background music in movies. The outlier “The Portrait” from boxplot 1 is this time one of the lowest few.
The median of tempo is plotted over the years. In boxplot 1, category A, we saw that the 50% around the median was small. In this graph, we can see that the 50% is so small because the tempo did not really change over the years.
The median is plotted over the years. In boxplot 2, category A, we saw that the 50% around the median was a lot bigger than boxplot 1. In this graph, we can see that the 50% is so big because the tempo did really change over the years. In the early stages, energy was at its highest point, but decreased rapidly. but around the 2000, energy has a turning point, and started to increase again.
If you click on A and B, only C will show. You’ll see that a red cluster is formed in the right side of the plot. A and B together are more active on the left side.You don’t see clusters forming in the up or down side. Tempo seems equally distributed for all the three playlists, unlike the other feature energy. We also saw this in the visualisation per feature.
We now have an overall view of the playlists. The features Tempo and Energy showed different relations between the playlists. In the feature Tempo, the medians of all playlists were close together. Energy on the other hand, showed that the median of My Songs was higher than that of the soundtrack playlists. To understand the corpus better, we are going to dive in the soundtrack playlists, Theme songs and More Soundtracks, and hopefully discover some interesting findings. Songs that do not fit in the bunch are interesting to investigate. I would also like to investigate the similarity between playlists, so a track that blends in is also not a bad choice.
The boxplots of Tempo showed that The Portrait - James Horner was an outlier in the More Soundtracks playlist.It wasn’t only an outlier in that playlist, it deviated from all three playlists. A boxplot also shows a median, a track can be seen as the midpoint of the dataset. But to find a song that blends in, I will use another method that I like more in the column on the right.
The Portrait is a song from the More Soundtracks playlist, so isn’t a theme song. This song plays is the movie Titanic. In further investigations I will use this track as an outlier of my corpus.
As was shown in the visualisations, the (median) tempo of the different playlists didn’t really differ from each other. To know what soundtrack would fit the best in my favorite songs playlist, the average tempo of my favorite songs were calculated.
The mean tempo of my favorite songs is: 119.9941.
One of the songs in the theme song playlist should correspond the most with this mean tempo.
The corresponding track by this song is:
| track.name |
|---|
| Alice’s Theme |
The track Alice’s Theme is from the composer Danny Elfman, and (as you can see in the title) plays in the movie Alice in Wonderland.
On the left are the chromagrams from Alice’s Theme and The Portrait shown.
Alice’s Theme - Danny Elfman: The yellow places are the pitches that occur the most in the tracks. Alice’s Theme has a lot of “C” in the first few seconds. Soon “A” takes over. The chromagram overall looks a bit messy because all the different pitches are used.
The Portrait - James Horner: The pitches used in this track are more clear. In the first three minutes of the song, seven different pitches are used (“C”, “D”, “E”, “F”, “G”, “A” and “A#”). After three minutes, “D”, “E” and “A” stay present, but the other four pitches go one up.
On the left are the cepstrograms from Alice’s Theme and The Portrait shown.
On the left are the self-similarity matrices from Alice’s Theme and The Portrait shown.
Alice’s Theme You can see a chessboard pattern.
The Portrait The yellow lines in the SSM show that the end is very different from the rest of the song. This is because this song has a fade out at the end, were the last seconds are completely silent. A long silence isn’t in other parts of the song of course, so a yellow line appeares.